當代中文語法點全集

A
A-not-A Questions
Answering Questions in Chinese
按照, ànzhào, (Prep), in accordance with

B
吧, ba, (Ptc), Making Suggestions
把, bǎ, (Ptc), To Dispose of Something (1)
把, bǎ, (Ptc), Moving an Object to a Location (2)
把, bǎ, (Ptc), with V1V2V3 (3)
把, bǎ, (Ptc), V (一) V, Disposal with Verb Reduplication (4)
把, bǎ, (Ptc), with Resultative Complements (5)
把, bǎ, (Ptc), Unintentional Event (6)
把 A 當做 B, (bǎ A dàngzuò B), to treat or take A as B (7)
白, bái, (Adv), in vain, all for nothing
幫, bāng, (Prep), on behalf of
被, bèi, (Ptc), A Passive Marker (See 受 shòu entry also)
比, bǐ, (Prep), Comparison (1)
比, bǐ, (Prep), Intensifying a State with 一 M 比 一 M, more and more X, more X than the last (2)
比較, bǐjiào, (Adv), Implicit Comparison (3)
比起來, bǐqǐlái, Comparison (4)
畢竟, bìjìng, (Adv), after all, to Urge Concession
別的, biéde, other
別再⋯了,bié zài…le, stop doing it
並, bìng, (Adv), 並 + Negation, Contrary to Expectation
不, bù, vs. 沒, méi, Negation (1)
不, bù, Negative Potential Complement (2)
-部-bù, or -邊-biān, Locative Markers
不但 A，還 B, (búdàn (Conj) A, hái (Adv) B), not only A, but also B
不但 A，而且 B, (búdàn (Conj) A, érqiě (Conj) B), not only A but also B
不到, búdào, less than
不得不, bùdébù, have no choice but to…
不管 A 都 B, (bùguǎn (Conj) A dōu (Adv) B), regardless of whether or not
不見得, bújiàndé, (Adv), not necessarily
不禁, bùjīn, (Adv), uncontrollably, cannot help but…
不如, bùrú, (Vst), not as good as
不是, búshì, Negation
不是 A 就是 B, (bú shì A jiù shì B), if it's not A, then it’s B
不是 A，而是 B, (bú shì A, ér shì B), not A ; rather B
不說, bùshuō , in S1 不說，S2 也yě, not merely, but also (complaining)
不太, bútài, not very
不停, bù tíng, as in Verb + 個不停, keep on
不再⋯了, (bú zài…le), not…any more
不只, bùzhǐ, (Adv), not merely, exceeding
不至於, bùzhìyú, (Adv), but the situation would not be so bad as to…

C
才, cái, (Adv), merely, only (1)
才, cái, (Adv), longer/later than expected (2)
才, cái, (Adv), then and only then (3)
才, cái, (Adv), to outrightly deny (4)
才 A 就 B, (cái A jiù B), only just A, and B already (5)
曾經, céngjīng, (Adv), experience in the past, V’ed before
差不多, chàbùduō, (Vs, Adv), In Various Functions
差一點（就）, chàyīdiǎn (jiù), (Adv), almost
趁, chèn, (Prep), seize the moment
成, chéng, (Ptc), as Verb Complement, to become, to turn into (1)
成, chéng, (Ptc), As a verb complement, successful(ly) (2)
成語, chéngyǔ, 四字格, Four-Character Phrases
出, chū, (Ptc), Verb Particle, to have emerged
出來, chūlái, as Verb Complement, to figure out
除了 A，還 B, (chúle (Prep) A , hái (Adv) B), in addition to
Complement of Intensification in Comparison Structures (1)
Complements, 極了jíle, 得不得了de bùdéliǎo, 得很de hěn, terribly, extremely (2)
從 A 到 B, (cóng (Prep) A dào (Prep) B), from A to B
從 A 往 B, (cóng (Prep) A wǎng (Prep) B), go A from B
從⋯起, (cóng (Prep)…qǐ (Ptc)), starting from…
從來, cónglái, (Adv), 從來 + Negation, never

D
當⋯的時候, (dāng…de shíhòu), when, while, at the time of
到, dào, (Prep), Destination Marker (1)
到, dào, (Prep), Destination Marker for Movement Verbs (2)
到, dào, (Prep), Post-verbal Preposition, up to, till (3)
到, dào, (Ptc), as Verb Complement, to be successful in… (4)
到底, dàodǐ, (Adv), after all? how on earth…?
倒是, dàoshì, (Adv), on the other hand
得, de, (Ptc), Complement Marker (1)
得, de, (Ptc), Complement Marker, used in comparing the results of actions (2)
得, de, (Ptc), Complement Marker, so…that… (3)
得, de, (Ptc), Positive Potential Complement Marker (4) (See 不(2))
的, de, (Ptc), Possessive Marker (1)
的, de, (Ptc), Modifier Marker (2)
的, de, (Ptc), with the Head Noun Omitted (3)
的, de, (Ptc), to Mark Assurance, co-occuring often with會huì (Vaux) (4)
的話, de huà, if, supposing
的時候, de shíhòu, when, at the time of
等, děng, (Ptc), enumeration particle, etc…
等 A 就 B,(děng A jiù B), when A comes, then B
的確, díquè, (Adv), indeed
掉, diào, (Ptc), Verb Particle, separated from
Directional Constructions V1V2 and V1V2V3
Disposal Construction (See 把bǎ,1-7)
懂, dǒng, (Vs, Vp), Complement Indicating Cognitive Ability as a Result
動, dòng, (Vp), used as a verb complement, capable of causing movement
動不動就, dòngbùdòng jiù, whenever one pleases to do something impetuously
都, dōu, (Adv), totality, all (1)
都, dōu, (Adv), expressing displeasure, annoyance or surprise (2)
對, duì , (Prep), towards
對 A 有B, (duì (Prep) A yǒu (Vs) B), to be B in A
對⋯來說, (duì (Prep)…lái shuō), as far as...is concerned, for
對⋯講究, (duì (Prep) …jiǎngjiù (Vst)), to be discerning, discriminating, particular about
對於, duìyú, (Prep, Ptc), towards, regarding (1)
對於⋯而言, (duìyú (Prep)…ér yán), as far as… is concerned (2)
多, duō, (Vs), more than, over, and some (1)
多, duō, (Adv), as in 多+Verb, more… than planned (2)
多, duō, (Adv), intensifying, how…! (3)
多少, duōshǎo, (Adv), likely, at least

E
而且, érqiě, (Conj), furthermore
Existential Sentence with Posture Verbs (1)
Existential Sentence with有yǒu (2)

F
反而, fǎn'ér, (Adv), on the contrary
反正, fǎnzhèng, (Adv), at any rate, anyway
方面, fāngmiàn, (N), as in 在⋯方面, with respect to; regarding
非⋯不可, (fēi…bùkě), it is imperative that
否則, fǒuzé, (Conj), otherwise
Four-Character Phrases (See 成語chéngyǔ,)

G
V 個夠, V ge gòu, to have a full dosage of an activity
各 V 各的, (gè V gè de), each doing her/his own…
給, gěi, (Prep), Various Meanings (1)
給, gěi, (Prep), Indirect Object Marker (2)
給⋯帶來, (gěi (Prep)…dàilái), to bring…to (3)
跟, gēn, (Prep), Companionship (1)
跟, gēn, (Prep), Various Meanings of the Preposition (2)
跟⋯一樣, (gēn (Prep)…yíyàng), Comparison
跟 B 有關的 A, (gēn (Prep) B yǒuguān de A), A that relates to B, A that concern B
根本, gēnběn, (Adv), not…at all, absolutely not
更, gèng, (Adv), Intensification in Comparison, even more so
更別說 B 了, (gèng bié shuō B le), let alone, never mind
慣, guàn, (Ptc), indicating ‘getting used to a routine’
光 A 就 B, (guāng (Adv) A jiù (Adv) B), just A alone…
關於, guānyú, (Vs, Ptc), about, regarding
過, guò, (Ptc), Experience Aspect (1)
過, guò, (Ptc), Phase Aspect Marker, Completion of Action (2)

H
還, hái, (Adv), still (unchanged, incomplete) (1)
還, hái, (Adv), to my surprise (2)
還是 A 吧, (háishì (Adv) A ba (Ptc)), it will be better if A, it would be best if A
好, hǎo, as in 好+Verb, nice to, easy to (1)
好, hǎo, (Ptc), as Verb Complement, all set and ready (2)
好不容易, hǎobù róngyì , (idiom), only after a tremendous amount of...
何必, hébì, (Adv), why must
何況, hékuàng, (Adv), let alone, no need to mention
很, hěn, (Adv), Intensification Marker
恨不得, hènbùdé, one really wishes one could…
後來, hòulái, (Adv), next in sequence
會, huì, (Vaux), aquired skills, can, able to (1)
會, huì, (Vaux), likelihood (2)
會, huì, (Vaux), as Verb Complement (3)

J
既 A 又 B, (jì (Adv) A yòu (Adv) B), not only A, but also B
既然 A 就 B, (jìrán (Conj) A jiù (Adv) B), Concession, since A then B
見, jiàn, (Ptc), as Verb Complement, perceived
漸漸, jiànjiàn, (Adv), gradually, slowly
簡直, jiǎnzhí, (Adv), to put it simply and plainly, it seems as if
叫, jiào, (V), Imperative Verb
結果, jiéguǒ, (Adv), consequently, (Conj), in the end
幾乎, jīhū, (Adv), almost
經過, jīngguò, (Prep), after
竟然, jìngrán, (Adv), to the speaker’s great surprise, unbelievably
就, jiù, (Adv), sooner than expected (1)
就, jiù, (Adv), in V了A 就 B ,(V le A jiù B), do B right after doing A (2)
就, jiù, (Adv), on the contrary (3)
就算 S1，也 S2, (jiùsuàn S1, yě S2), even if S1, would S2, no matter how
就要⋯了, (jiù yào… le), will soon
究竟, jiùjìng, (Adv), I wonder
居然, jūrán, (Adv), to one’s surprise

K
看, kàn, (V), as in V V 看, to try and see, to try out (1)
看, kàn, (V), depend on (2)
靠, kào, (V / Prep), to rely on, by means of
可, kě, (Adv), but on the other hand, stating a mild warning
可見, kějiàn, (Conj), it can thus be concluded that…
可以, kěyǐ, (Vaux), Permission (1)
可以, kěyǐ, (Vaux), Possibility (2)
恐怕, kǒngpà, (Adv), probably, I’m afraid that
快一點, kuài yìdiǎn, hurry up

L
來, lái, (V), as in 來 + VP, to come to do something (1)
來, lái, as a verb complement, to get along well, to be able to relate to each other well (2)
了1, le, (Ptc), Completed Action (1)
了1 , le, (Ptc), Followed by Time-Duration (2)
了2, le, (Ptc), Change in Situation (3)
了2 , (Ptc), in 快⋯了, kuài…le, about to (4)
了1⋯了2, (le (Ptc)… le (Ptc)), Completion-to-date (5)
離, lí, (Prep), distance from
離合詞, líhécí, Separable Verbs
連 A 都 B, (lián (Prep) A dōu (Adv) B), even
了, liǎo, (Ptc), as Verb Complement, capability
另外的, lìngwài de, another (See 別的biéde)
亂, luàn, (Adv), as in 亂＋Verb, to do somethng in an irresponsible manner risking undersirable consequences

M
嗎, ma, (Ptc), Asking Questions (1)
嗎, ma, (Ptc), Confrontational (2)
嘛, ma, (Ptc), isn’t it obvious that
滿, mǎn, (Vs), as Verb Complement, crowded with (1)
滿, mǎn, (Vpt), to reach a ceiling (2)
Measures, (nominal), Units for Counting Nouns in Chinese (1)
Measures, (verbal), 下 xià, 趟 tàng, 遍biàn, and 次cì (2)
Measure 一M一M as Manner, one at a time
沒有, méi yǒu, as used in Inferior Comparison
每, měi, (Det), each and every (1)
每, měi, (Det), as in 每+Time Expression, Frequency (2)
免得, miǎnde, (Adv), lest, so as to avoid
明明, míngmíng, (Adv), it should be obvious to everyone that…
Multiple Verb Phrases

N
拿⋯來說, (ná (Prep)…lái shuō), take…as an example
哪裡, nǎlǐ, (Adv), rhetorical question
難, nán, as in 難 + Verb, Special Meanings (See 好 (1))
難道, nándào, (Adv), how could it possibly be true
難得, nándé, (Adv), rarely
難怪, nánguài, (Adv), no wonder
難免, nánmiǎn, (Adv), inevitably, it is only natural that
難以, nányǐ, (Vaux), to find it difficult to…
呢, ne, (Ptc), Contrastive tag Questions
能1, néng, (Vaux), Capability (1)
能2, néng, (Vaux), Permission (2)
能3, néng, (Vaux), Possibility (3)
寧可 A 也要 B, (níngkě (Adv) A, yě (Adv) yào (Vaux) B), would rather A , in order to B
弄, nòng, (V), General Pro-Verb (1)
弄, nòng, (V), General Causative Verb (2)

O
Omission of Nouns at 2nd Mention

P
偏偏, piānpiān, (Adv), contrary to expectation, deliberately, annoyingly