The Invention of Good and Evil: A World History of Morality | 誠品線上

The Invention of Good and Evil: A World History of Morality

內容簡介

內容簡介 「從很多方面來說，這都是一個關於進步的悲觀故事。悲觀是因為每一代都有太多的邪惡。但這同時也是一個進步的故事，因為世代之間似乎存在著能夠逐漸提高人類道德的機制，因為人們有時會運用這種潛力。道德進步總是可能的，而且往往是實際的。但這並不是理所當然：每一項成就都必須抵禦頑固的人性、人類的非理性和命運無情的倒退力量。只有了解道德的起源，我們才能理解道德及其困惑和矛盾。」——哈諾·索爾(Hanno Sauer)近五百萬年來，人類一直與道德維持著某種關係，發明並重塑「善」與「惡」的概念，並將其編織進我們的城市、法律和習俗中。「道德」是一個可能讓人感到無趣和壓迫的負面概念，總讓人聯想到約束、強迫、限制和犧牲、審訊、懺悔以及內疚的良心。對許多人來說，它是一種迫使我們服從的工具，一根訓誡的手指。這種印象不一定是錯誤的，但無疑是不完整的。哈諾·索爾(Hanno Sauer)追溯人類根本的道德變遷，以年代分為7個階段：從五百萬年前我們最早的、尚未成為人類的祖先在東非的時代，到當今全球大都市中正在上演的有關身份、不平等與壓迫的衝突，這些衝突如今都在網路上展開。它解釋了人類社會如何隨著時代變遷而發展，新的制度、技術、知識和經濟形式如何與我們的價值觀和規範並行發展，並深入探討了每一個變遷都有多面性：任何生活在社群中的人都會排斥他人；任何了解規則的人都會想要監督它們；任何信任他人的人都會變得依賴；任何創造財富的人都會帶來不平等與剝削。每一個變化或令人歡迎的發展都有其艱難、黑暗、冷酷的一面，而每一次進步都會付出代價。在這本書中，遺傳學、古生物學、心理學和認知科學、靈長類動物學和人類學、哲學和進化論各自提供了自己的觀點，這些觀點結合在一起形成了一幅圖景，幫助我們思考何為善？何為惡？何為正義？而我們是否有可能運用道德走上更好的道路。★AN ECONOMIST BOOK OF THE YEARFor almost five million years, humans have been locked in a relationship with morality, inventing and reinventing the concepts of 'Good' and 'Evil', and weaving them into our cities, laws and customs.Morality is a concept that can feel joyless and claustrophobic, associated with restraint and coercion, restriction and sacrifice, inquisition, confession and a guilty conscience. For many, it is a device used to shame us into compliance. This impression is not necessarily incorrect, but it is most certainly incomplete.Hanno Sauer traces humanity's fundamental moral transformations from our earliest ancestors through to the present day, when it can often seem that we have never disagreed more over what it means to be good, and what it means to be right. But we can use our past as a basis for a new understanding of our future. Our current political disagreements may feel like the end of the world, but where will the evolution of morality take us next?

各界推薦

各界推薦 Blend[ing] insights from evolutionary biology, cognitive science and anthropology ... Sauer has made a heroic effort to chart how morality has changed since the first humanlike animals began to populate Africa to predict how it might change in the future. It is a rich, complex narrative, full of unexpected twists ― EconomistTraces humankind's most fundamental moral transformations from our earliest ancestors in East Africa adopting punitive behaviour to punish wrongdoers to today, where egalitarianism has been replaced with hierarchism ... a testament to Sauer's capacity to show that there are two sides to everything -- Zoë Huxford ― New StatesmanOne of the best non-fiction books of the year ― El Mundo, SpainHanno Sauer is one of the most astute ethicists of his generation. So far, there has been no history of morality told from the perspective of philosophy. Sauer closes this gap: knowledgeable, funny and entertaining. -- Philipp Hübl, philosopher and author

作者介紹

作者介紹 Hanno SauerDr Hanno Sauer is an Associate Professor of Ethics at the Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies and a member of the Ethics Institute at Utrecht University, The Netherlands. His current research takes an interdisciplinary approach to ethics, involving empirically informed metaethics that blends fields of neuroscience, cognitive science politics and social psychology.

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最佳賣點 : ★《經濟學人》年度書籍。一部精采的人類道德演化史！善與惡是如何發明出來，而且至今不斷在重塑？在政治立場如此分岐的當下，道德價值或許是盞能為我們指路的燈

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